We started talking last week about how to decide if a common injury -- a bleeding cut on a finger -- requires medical attention. 
我们上周谈到如何鉴定手指割伤并流血这种常见的损伤是否需要去看医生。

If the bleeding stops when you press on it for a few minutes, then you probably do not need a doctor. 
如果按上几分钟后伤口不流血了，那么就可能不需要去看医生。

But if the injury is more serious, then you could suffer permanent damage unless you get help.
但是如果受伤比较严重，你就必须得到医生的帮助，否则会留下永久性伤害。

Dr. Martin Brown is chairman of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia. 
马丁·布朗医生是弗吉尼亚州爱诺瓦·亚历山德拉医院急诊科主任。

He says injuries that damage a "deep structure" like a bone, tendon or nerve should always be treated by a doctor.
他表示，如果伤到了骨头、筋腱、神经这样的“深层构造”则必须到医生处进行治疗。

"When deep structures are involved, it's a different ballgame."
马丁·布朗说：“深层构造受伤的话，情况就不同了。

Forceful bleeding and bright red blood are dangerous signs of a deep cut. 
深度割伤很危险，迹象为伤口血流汹涌、血液颜色鲜红。

Dr. Brown says there are different medical products that can help stop the bleeding. 
布朗医生表示有各式各样的医疗产品可以帮助止血。

One example is Gelfoam.
其中一个就是明胶海绵。

"Gelfoam is a cellulose product that promotes the clotting of blood by giving blood sort of a matrix upon which to clot."
明胶海绵是一种纤维素制品，它可以促进血液凝固。它向血液中输送某种基质样的东西，促使血液在其上凝结。

The traditional way to close a serious cut is with sutures, also known as stitches. 
缝合（或缝线）是治疗严重割伤的传统方法。

A needle and nylon thread are used to sew the edges of the wound together.
这种方法是用针和尼龙线将伤口两边缝起来。

But Dr. Brown says a more recent development is a medical glue.
但布朗医生称新近使用的都是医用胶水。

"That's a glue that's very similar if not identical to super glue, but it's a sterile form of that."
这种胶水跟超强力胶水相比，就算不一模一样，也很相似了。医用胶水就是无菌的超强力胶水。

Super glue makes many things stick together. 
超强力胶水能粘合很多东西。

But Dr. Brown says people should not use it on injuries. 
但布朗医生说人们不能用它来粘伤口。

He says the medical glue can be used when a cut is straight and comes together easily.
他说，只有伤口又直又容易粘合时才能用医用胶水。

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has advice on its website about what to do if a fingertip is not just cut but cut off.
美国骨科医师学会（AAOS）在其网站上给出了指尖不仅割伤而且还被切下来时的处理建议。

First, gently clean the amputated part with water or saline. 
首先，轻轻地用水或生理盐水把切下来的指尖洗干净。

Dr. Brown says people can use a saline cleaner for contact lenses. 
布朗医生称，人们可用隐形眼镜专用的盐水清洁剂。

Saline contains salt.
生理盐水含盐。

Next, without drying the fingertip, cover the part in gauze or a cloth. 
下面，不要把断指弄干，直接用纱布或布将之包起来。

Place it in a waterproof bag and place the bag on ice. 
放进防水袋，再把袋子放在冰上。

Do not put the amputated part itself directly on ice. 
不能把断指直接放在冰上。

That could damage it more.
那样会让断指损伤更严重。

Bring the fingertip to a hospital as quickly as possible.
然后尽快带着断指到医院就医。

A surgeon may try to reattach a fingertip that is cut off below the first joint. 
如果切下来的部分超过第一关节，那么医生可能会试着把指头接回去。

But Dr. Brown says fingertips are not often reattached if they are the length of a fingernail or shorter.
但布朗医生称如果切下的长度只有指甲盖那么长，或比指甲盖还短，经常会接不上去。

He says a reattachment operation can take many hours.
他说指尖复位手术要耗上很多个小时。

"It's not a simple procedure by any means. 
无论如何这都不是个简单的手术。

It's done under a microscope, reattaching nerves and arteries and tendons."
医生要在显微镜下把神经、动脉和筋腱接回去。

Even then, he says, the result will not necessarily be better than losing part of a finger. 
即便如此，结果也并不一定比少了截指尖要好。

Dr. Brown says patients must also be willing to undergo a rehabilitation process to regain use of the finger.
布朗医生表示患者还得自愿经历一个康复过程以恢复手指的功能。

"Reattachment is a real commitment by the patient and the doctor. 
马丁·布朗说：接回断指是件真正需要医患双方介入的事。

Amputation is a simple thing."
截肢就很简单了。