美国总统西奥多·罗斯福 （一）

Date=7-5-2001 
Title=The Making of a Nation #148 - Theodore Roosevelt, part 1 
Byline=Frank Beardsley

       Voice one: 
       The Making of a Nation -- a program in special English by the Voice of America.            (THEME)
        In September, nineteen-oh-one, president William McKinley was (1) assassinated.  His (2) vice president, Theodore Roosevelt, succeeded him.
       This is Shep O'Neal.  Today, Maurice Joyce and I tell the story of Roosevelt and his (3) administration.
       Voice two:
      Theodore Roosevelt became president at the beginning of the twentieth century.  It was a time of (4) rapid changes in American society.  The changes were a result of technology.
       Great progress had been made, for example, in transportation. Almost every American city had a street railroad, or (5) trolley. These systems were powered by electricity.  Thousands of Americans owned (6) automobiles.  And Henry ford was planning a low-cost (7) version, which even more people could buy.
       Great progress had been made in communications.  There were telephones in almost every business office in the cities and in many homes.  And Italian (8) inventor Guglielmo Marconi had sent the first (9) wireless message across the Atlantic Ocean.
       Voice one: 
It was clear that the United States had made great progress in technology.  Yet many believed it had made little progress in social (10) issues.  These people felt America's natural resources were being mis-used.  They felt America's farmers were poorer than they should be.  They felt America's industries were unfair to workers.
       Since the late eighteen-hundreds, a spirit of (11) reform had been growing in the United States.  It started among farmers and led to the creation of a new political party -- the (12) populists.  Then organized (13) labor joined the movement, Then middle class Americans.        Not everyone agreed on ways to solve society's problems.  But they were united in the belief that social progress had to be made.  The future of American (14) democracy, they said, depended on the success of the (15) progressive movement.
The man who came to represent the spirit of reform most of all was the new president, Theodore Roosevelt
.       Voice two:
      Roosevelt was born to a wealthy family in New York City in eighteen-fifty-eight.  He was a (16) weak child with poor eyesight. He spent much of his time reading.  When Theodore was thirteen years old, he got into an argument with two other boys.  He tried to fight them.  But he was not strong enough.
       That incident was a turning point in Roosevelt's life.  He decided to (17) overcome his physical weaknesses through exercise and hard work.  He lifted weights, ran long distances, and learned how to be a (18) boxer.  He continued these activities while he attended (19) Harvard University.
       After college, Roosevelt married Alice Lee and returned to New York.  He became active in the (20) Republican Party.  When he was just twenty-three years old, he was (21) elected to the state (22) legislature.  Roosevelt quickly became known as a reform politician.  He denounced all forms of (23) dishonesty in government.
       Voice one:  
      Roosevelt's first political career did not last long.  He (24) withdrew after four years, following the deaths of his wife and mother.  His sadness was so great that he could not continue.       Roosevelt moved to a ranch in the (25) Dakota (26) Territory of the American west.  He began to raise beef (27) cattle.  At first, the local (28) cowboys laughed at him.  They called him "four eyes," because he wore eyeglasses.  They stopped laughing when they found he could do the hard work of a cowboy as well as any of them.
       Voice two:
      Roosevelt spent two years in the west.   Then he returned to New York and a life in politics.       He became the republican (29) candidate for mayor of New York City, but lost the election.  Then he campaigned for republican Benjamin Harrison in the (30) presidential election of eighteen-eighty-eight.  Harrison won.  And he named Roosevelt head of the Federal Civil Service (31) Commission.  Roosevelt fought hard to keep politics out of the civil service. 
      (32) Democrat Grover Cleveland was elected president four years later.  He approved of Roosevelt's civil service reforms.  He asked him to remain in the job.  Roosevelt did so for another two years. Then he became (33) commissioner of police in New York City.  Once again, he pushed for reforms.  He removed policemen found (34) guilty of receiving (35) illegal payments.                 voice one: 
     In eighteen-ninety-seven, president William McKinley named Theodore Roosevelt assistant secretary of the navy.  The United States went to war against Spain a year later.
       Roosevelt wanted an active part in the war.  So, he (36) resigned and joined the army.  He organized a force of horse soldiers known as the "(37) rough riders." they were honored for (38) bravery in the battle of San Juan Hill in (39) Cuba.
       Roosevelt was now a war hero.  Republican party leaders in New York thought he would be the perfect candidate for governor. Teddy, as the public called him, won a close election.  He soon made clear he would not take orders from party leaders.
       The new governor proposed controls on businesses.  His main (40) targets were companies that supplied the public with water, electricity, and natural gas.  He demanded changes in the food and drug industries.  And he shortened the workday for women and children.
      Voice two:
      The public praised Roosevelt's reform efforts.  Local party leaders did not.  As one said:  "I do not want him raising (41) hell in my state any longer."  Local leaders decided the best way to get him out of New York politics was to support him for vice president of the united states.  The office gave a man very little voice or power in politics
.       Roosevelt did not want the job, for that reason.  By then he wanted just one thing:  to be president of the United States.  He was sure being vice president would (42) ruin his chances.  But he accepted the (43) nomination at the national convention.  He would run on the ticket with William McKinley.  Sadly he said:  "I do not expect to go any further in politics." 
      Several months after he was sworn-in as vice president, he was sworn-in as president.  William McKinley was dead.  Theodore Roosevelt became president as the result of an assassin's (44) bullet.        
       Voice one: 
       Roosevelt promised party leaders that he would continue McKinley's policies.  He said he would move slowly in making any changes. 
      In his first message to congress, president Roosevelt offered a few new proposals.  He asked for a department of (45) commerce and labor to deal with industrial problems.  He called for a stronger navy and for limits on immigration.  And he proposed building a canal in Central America to link the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
       Voice two: 
     Businessmen who feared the worse when Roosevelt became president began to breathe easier.  It seemed he was not going to push for reforms after all.  But Roosevelt was only following an old (46) hunting rule of African (47) tribesmen.  "Speak softly," the rule said, "and carry a big stick."       Roosevelt spoke softly during his first months as president. He would use the big stick later.  When the (48) blow came, it was against big business.
       A group of wealthy railroad owners had agreed to join their railroads into one.  They formed a company to control it.  The new company would have complete control of railroad transportation in the American west.  There would be no competition
.      Voice one:
      President Roosevelt believed the company (49) violated the Sherman anti-trust law.  The law said it was illegal for businesses to (50) interfere with trade among the states.  The law also said it was illegal for any person or group to get control of a whole industry.  Since the anti-trust law had been passed in eighteen-ninety, few companies had been found guilty of violating it.
       So, many people were shocked when Roosevelt announced he was taking action under the law against the railroad trust.  He said there could be no (51) compromise in how the law was (52) enforced.       That will be our story next week.
       (THEME)
       Voice two:
      You have been listening to the making of a nation -- a program in special English by the voice of America.  Your narrators were Shep O'Neal and Maurice Joyce.  Our program was written by Frank Beardsley.

(1)  	assassinate [ E5sAsineit ] vt.暗杀, 行刺
(2)	vice president n.副总统(或大学副校长等)
(3)	administration [ Edminis5treiFEn ] n.管理, 经营, 行政部门
(4)	rapid [ 5rApid ] adj.迅速的, 飞快的, 险峻的 n.急流, 高速交通工具, 高速交通网
(5)	trolley [5trRlI] n.电车, (电车)滚轮, 手推车, 手摇车, 台车 vt.用手推车运 vi.乘电车
(6)	automobile [ 5C:tEmEubi:l] n.<主美>汽车(=<英>motor car,car)
(7)	version [ 5vE:FEn ] n.译文, 译本, 翻译, 版本
(8)	inventor [In5ventE(r)] n.发明家
(9)	wireless [ 5waiElis ] adj.无线的
(10)	issue [ 5isju: ] n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, (水, 血等的)流出 vi.发行, 流出, 造成...结果, 进行辩护, 传下 
(11)	reform [ ri5fC:m ] n.改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化 vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成 vi.革新, 改过, 重组
(12)	populist n.（美国的）人民党党员
(13)	labor [ 5leibE ] n.劳动, 努力, 工作, 劳工, 分娩, 阵痛 vi.劳动, 努力争取(for), 苦干 vt.详细分析, 麻烦
(14)	democracy [ di5mCkrEsi ] n.民主政治, 民主主义
(15)	progressive [ prE5^resiv ] n.改革论者, 进步论者 adj.前进的, (税收)累进的, 进步的
(16)	weak [ wi:k ] adj.不牢固的, 弱的, 虚弱的, 软弱的, 淡的, 疲软的, 无力的, 不耐用的
(17)	overcome [ 7EuvE5kQm ] vt.战胜, 克服, 胜过, 征服 vi.得胜
(18)	boxer [5bRksE(r)] n.拳师
(19)	Harvard University n.哈佛大学
(20)	Republican Party n.共和党
(21)	elect [I5lekt]vt 选举，推选
(22)	legislature [ 5ledVis7leitFE ] n.立法机关, 立法机构
(23)	dishonesty [ dis5Cnisti ] n.不诚实, 不老实, 欺骗, 欺诈
(24)	withdraw [ wiT5drC: ] vt.收回, 撤消 vi.缩回, 退出 v.撤退
(25)	Dakota [ dE5kEutE ] 达科他(美国过去一地区名, 现分为南、北达科他州)
(26)	territory [ 5teritEri ] n.领土, 版图, 地域
(27)	cattle [ 5kAtl ] n.牛, 家养牲畜
(28)	cowboy [5kaJbCI] n.<美>牛仔, 牧童, 美国西部牧人
(29)	candidate [ 5kAndidit ] n.候选人, 投考者
(30)	presidential [ 7prezi5denFEl ] adj.总统的
(31)	commission [ kE5miFEn ] n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 代理(权), 犯(罪), 佣金 vt.委任, 任命, 委托, 委托制作, 使服役
(32)	democrat [ 5demEkrAt ] n.民主党人
(33)	commissioner [ kE5miFEnE ] n.委员, 专员
(34)	guilty [ 5^ilti ] adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的
(35)	illegal [ i5li:^El ] adj.违法的, 不合规定的
(36)	resign [ ri5zain ] n.辞去(职务) v.辞去, 辞职
(37)	rough [ rQf ] adj.粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的, 粗暴的, 粗略叙述的 v.大体描述 adv.粗糙地
(38)	bravery [ 5breivEri ] n.勇敢
(39)	Cuba [ 5kju:bE ] n.古巴
(40)	target [ 5tB:^it ] n.目标, 对象, 靶子
(41)	hell [ hel ] n.地狱, 苦境, 阴间, 地狱中的人, 训斥 vi.狂饮, 飞驰 int.该死!
(42)	ruin [ ruin] v.(使)破产, (使)堕落, 毁灭 n.毁灭, 崩溃, 废墟, 遗迹
(43)	nomination [ nCmi5neiFEn ] n.任命
(44)	bullet [ 5bulit ] n.子弹
(45)	commerce [ 5kCmE(:)s ] n.商业
(46)	hunting [ 5hQntiN ] n.打猎, 搜索, 追逐
(47)	tribesman [5traIbzmEn] n.部落男子
(48)	blow [ blEu ] n.殴打, 突然的打击 v.风吹, 吹气于, 叫, 喘气
(49)	violate [ 5vaiEleit ] vt.违犯, 亵渎(圣物), 冒犯, 干扰, 违反, 妨碍, 侵犯
(50)	interfere with 妨碍, 乱动, 干涉, 干扰
(51)	compromise [ 5kCmprEmaiz ] n.妥协, 折衷 v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全
(52)	enforce [ in5fC:s ] vt.强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强