09 爵士乐的由来 (一)

VOICE ONE: 
Some music experts say jazz is America's greatest gift to the arts. This kind of music developed from the (1)traditional sounds of African-American life. I'm Steve Ember. 
VOICE TWO: 
And I'm Shirley Griffith. The history of jazz is our report today on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA. 
((TAPE CUT ONE: "CHARLESTON," INSTEAD OF THEME)) 
VOICE ONE: 
(2)Recently, a series of television films in the United States told the story of the music called (3)jazz.(4) Filmmaker and writer Ken Burns and writer Geoffrey C. Ward told how this music developed over the years. They showed how African-Americans created new sounds from their memories of (5)slavery in the South. The filmmakers told how black, Creole and white Americans created a new musical form. Today, millions of people around the world love jazz. 
VOICE TWO: 
"Jazz" can mean different jiods of music: swing, bebop or fusion. Jazz can make the listener feel sad or joyful, quiet or full of energy. It can sound hot -- or very cool. 
Performers of jazz create some of the music as they play. They add their own notes to music that is written down. Each time a jazz musician plays a piece, it can sound fresh and new. Jazz musicians surprise listeners by breaking up traditional (6)rhythms. And, they give greater (7)intensity to unexpected parts of the music. 
VOICE ONE: 
Jazz probably had its roots in the nineteenth century. In the late Eighteen-Eighties, African-Americans began to develop new forms of music. They created blues music from the gospel music and sad songs of their years in slavery. Ragtime also (8)influenced the (9)creation of jazz. This music first gained (10)popularity in the Eighteen-Nineties in the South. African-American piano player Scott Joplin wrote many (11)ragtime songs. Listen now as Joshua Rifkin plays Joplin's "(12)Maple Leaf Rag." 
((TAPE CUT TWO: "MAPLE LEAF RAG")) 4'06''
VOICE TWO: 
African-American and Creole musicians in New Orleans, (13)Louisiana probably developed the first true jazz music. This happened during the early Nineteen-Hundreds. Musicians performing in (14)memorial and holiday (15)parades added their own music to written music. This New Orleans music is often called (16)classic, traditional or Dixieland jazz. 
From New Orleans, musicians such as Jelly Roll Morton, Sidney Bechet and King (17)Oliver helped spread jazz to other places. King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band plays "Chimes Blues." 
((TAPE CUT THREE: "(18)CHIMES BLUES")) 5'53''
VOICE ONE: 
Jazz continued to gain popularity as the years passed. During the Nineteen-Twenties, Louis (19)Armstrong became famous for his performances on the (20)trumpet and jazz (21)cornet. Later his unusual voice became just as famous. Listen as Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five play "West End Blues." 
((TAPE CUT FOUR: "WEST END BLUES"))
VOICE TWO: 
Historians often call the Nineteen-Twenties the Jazz Age, or the Golden Age of American Jazz. Young people from the Middle West created a new musical form during this time. People called this Chicago-style jazz. These musicians included great performers like Gene Krupa and Benny (22)Goodman. 
During this Golden Age, Bix Beiderbecke ('BX euhr behk) played cornet solos with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. He also played piano and wrote music. Here he plays "There Ain't No Sweet Man (Worth the Salt of My Tears)" with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra. 
((TAPE CUT FIVE: "THERE AIN'T NO SWEET MAN" )) 
VOICE ONE: 
As time passed, a jazz form called "swing" became very popular in America. People danced to swing music until after World War Two. This musical form got its name from a song by Duke Ellington. Listen as Duke Ellington and his (23)orchestra play "Sing, Sing, Sing (with a Swing"). 
((TAPE CUT SIX: "SING, SING, SING (WITH A SWING"))
VOICE TWO: 
Benny Goodman led one of America's most successful swing bands. People called Goodman "The King of Swing." Critics also praised his playing of the (24)clarinet. He was the first jazz clarinetist to play with (25)symphony orchestras. Goodman also presented black and white jazz musicians playing together for the first time. He introduced great African-American jazz artists like Lionel Hampton and Teddy Wilson. 
Other big bands of the time were led by Jimmy Dorsey and Tommy Dorsey, Earl Hines, Artie Shaw, Stan Kenton and Glenn Miller. Fine jazz singers performed with these bands. They included Nat "King" Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughn and Billie Holiday. Listen now as Billie Holiday sings "(26)Solitude." 
 ((TAPE CUT SEVEN: "SOLITUDE")) 
VOICE ONE: 
After World War Two, a new kind of music replaced swing as the most popular jazz. Next week, we will tell you about this kind of music called bebop. Until then, we leave you with the Glenn Miller Orchestra playing "String of Pearls." 
((TAPE CUT EIGHT: "STRING OF PEARLS" INSTEAD OF THEME)) 
VOICE TWO: 
This program was written by Jerilyn Watson. It was produced by Cynthia Kirk. Our studio engineer was Holly Capehart. I'm Shirley Griffith. 
VOICE ONE: 
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for the second part of our report about the history of jazz on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.

(1)	　　traditional[trE5dIFEn(E)l]adj.传统的, 惯例的, 口传的, 传说的
(2)　	recently[5ri:sEntlI]adv.最近
(3)	jazz[ dVAz ]n.爵士乐, 喧闹adj.爵士乐　　的, 喧吵的, 颜色过于艳丽的
(4)	filmmaker[`fIlm9meIkE(r)]n.电影摄制者
(5)	slavery[ 5sleivEri ]n.奴隶身分, 奴隶制度, 苦役, 束缚
(6)	rhythm[ 5riTEm, 5riWEm ]n.节奏, 韵律
(7)	intensity[ in5tensiti ]n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度,亮度
(8)	influence[ 5influEns ]n.影响, 感化, 势力,vt.影响, 改变
(9)	creation[ kri5eiFEn ]n.创造, 创作物
(10)	popularity[ 7pCpju5lAriti ]n.普及, 流行, 声望
(11)	ragtime[5rA^taIm]n.拉格泰姆音乐(1890-1915期间在美国流行的一种音乐)adj
(12)	maple[ 5meipl ]n.[植]枫, 枫木, 淡棕色
(13)	Louisiana[ lu(:)7i:zi5AnE ]n.路易斯安那, (美国南部的州名)
(14)	memorial[ mi5mC:riEl ]n.纪念物, 纪念馆, adj.记念的, 记忆的
(15)	parade[ pE5reid ]n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵, 检阅, 阅兵场
(16)	classic[ 5klAsik ]n.杰作, 名著adj.第一流的
(17)	Oliver[ 5ClivE ]n. 奥利弗（男子名）
(18)	chime[ tFaim ]n.一套发谐音的钟(尤指教堂内的), 和谐vi.鸣, 打, 和谐vt.
(19)	Armstrong[ 5B:mstrCN ]n.阿姆斯壮
(20)	trumpet[ 5trQmpit ]n.喇叭
(21)	cornet[ 5kC:nit ]n.圆锥形纸袋, 短号
(22)	goodman[`^JdmAn]n.主人, 男人敬称, 夫
(23)	orchestra[ 5C:kistrE, -kes- ]n.管弦乐队, 乐队演奏处
(24)	clarinet[ klAri5net ]n.[乐]竖笛, 单簧管, 黑管
(25)	symphony[ 5simfEni ]n.交响乐, 交响曲
(26)	solitude[ 5sClitju:d ]n.孤独